What are the difference between palm sander and orbital sander?

Palm Sanders vs. Orbital Sanders: An Overview

Palm sanders and orbital sanders are both essential tools for woodworking and other DIY projects that involve smoothing surfaces. While they share some similarities, their differences make each type suitable for specific tasks.

Palm Sanders

Palm sanders, also known as finish sanders or 1/4-sheet sanders, are small, lightweight, and easy to control. They are designed for fine sanding tasks, making them ideal for finishing work. Palm sanders use a rectangular piece of sandpaper, typically a quarter of a standard sheet, which is clamped or attached to the base. The sanding pad vibrates in tiny, circular motions, providing a smooth, even finish.

Key Features:

• Size and Weight: Compact and lightweight, making them easy to handle.
• Sanding Motion: Vibrates in small circular motions.
• Sandpaper: Uses 1/4-sheet sandpaper.
• Applications: Ideal for finishing tasks, such as smoothing paint or varnish, and for sanding in tight spaces.

Popular Brands and Models:

1. DeWalt DWE6411K – Known for its durability and efficient dust collection system.
2. Makita BO4556 – Features a rubberized palm grip and a through-the-pad dust collection system.
3. Bosch GSS20-40 – Offers a micro-filter system and a comfortable grip for prolonged use.
4. Black+Decker BDEQS300 – A budget-friendly option with an ergonomic design and dust-sealed switch.

Orbital Sanders

Orbital sanders, also known as random orbital sanders, are more versatile and powerful than palm sanders. They have a round sanding pad that moves in both a circular and an elliptical motion, reducing the chance of leaving swirl marks on the surface. Orbital sanders are suitable for both rough and fine sanding tasks and can handle larger surfaces more efficiently than palm sanders.

Key Features:

• Size and Weight: Generally larger and heavier than palm sanders.
• Sanding Motion: Combines circular and elliptical motions.
• Sandpaper: Uses round hook-and-loop (Velcro) or adhesive-backed sandpaper discs.
• Applications: Suitable for a wide range of tasks, from rough sanding to finishing.

Popular Brands and Models:

1. DeWalt DWE6423K – Features a variable speed control and a dust-sealed switch.
2. Bosch ROS20VSC – Known for its excellent dust collection and smooth operation.
3. Makita BO5041K – Offers an adjustable front handle and a pad control system for controlled pad speed.
4. Festool ETS 125 REQ – High-end model with advanced dust extraction and electronic speed control.

Detailed Comparison

Power and Performance

Palm Sanders:

• Power Output: Typically range from 1.5 to 2.5 amps.
• Speed: Operate at a single speed, usually around 12,000 OPM (orbits per minute).
• Performance: Designed for light-duty tasks and fine finishing work.

Orbital Sanders:

• Power Output: Range from 2.5 to 5 amps.
• Speed: Often come with variable speed control, ranging from 4,000 to 12,000 OPM.
• Performance: Suitable for heavy-duty tasks, including material removal and surface preparation.

Dust Collection

Palm Sanders:

• Usually have basic dust collection systems, such as a dust bag or canister.
• Some models feature through-the-pad dust collection for better efficiency.

Orbital Sanders:

• Equipped with more advanced dust collection systems, including integrated dust extraction ports.
• Many models are compatible with shop vacuums or external dust extractors for improved dust management.

Handling and Ergonomics

Palm Sanders:

• Designed for one-handed use, with ergonomic grips to reduce fatigue.
• Lightweight and compact, making them easy to maneuver in tight spaces.

Orbital Sanders:

• Typically require two-handed operation due to their size and power.
• Many models feature ergonomic designs with soft grips and adjustable handles for increased comfort during prolonged use.

Applications

Palm Sanders:

• Ideal for light-duty tasks, such as sanding between coats of paint or varnish, and smoothing small surfaces.
• Great for detailed work and finishing touches.

Orbital Sanders:

• Versatile enough for a wide range of tasks, from rough sanding to fine finishing.
• Suitable for larger surfaces and more demanding projects, such as sanding furniture, decks, and floors.

In-Depth Look at Brands and Models

DeWalt

DeWalt DWE6411K (Palm Sander)

• Power: 2.3 amps
• Speed: 14,000 OPM
• Features: High-performance dust collection system, textured anti-slip top and body grip, sealed switch to protect against dust ingestion.

DeWalt DWE6423K (Orbital Sander)

• Power: 3.0 amps
• Speed: Variable speed control (8,000 – 12,000 OPM)
• Features: Dust-sealed switch, improved dust collection with one-handed locking dust bag, short height for closer sanding.

Makita

Makita BO4556 (Palm Sander)

• Power: 2.0 amps
• Speed: 14,000 OPM
• Features: Rubberized palm grip, large clamping lever for quick paper changes, efficient through-the-pad dust collection.

Makita BO5041K (Orbital Sander)

• Power: 3.0 amps
• Speed: Variable speed control (4,000 – 12,000 OPM)
• Features: Adjustable front handle, pad control system, large two-finger trigger switch with lock-on button for continuous operation.

Bosch

Bosch GSS20-40 (Palm Sander)

• Power: 2.0 amps
• Speed: 12,000 OPM
• Features: Micro-filter system, soft grip for comfort, dust-sealed switch.

Bosch ROS20VSC (Orbital Sander)

• Power: 2.5 amps
• Speed: Variable speed control (7,500 – 12,000 OPM)
• Features: Hook-and-loop disc attachment, micro-filter system, soft grip, dust-sealed switch.

Festool

Festool ETS 125 REQ (Orbital Sander)

• Power: 2.5 amps
• Speed: Variable speed control (6,000 – 12,000 OPM)
• Features: Advanced dust extraction system, ergonomic design, lightweight for reduced fatigue, electronic speed control.

Conclusion

Choosing between a palm sander and an orbital sander depends on the specific needs of your project. Palm sanders are ideal for light-duty, detailed work and finishing tasks, while orbital sanders are more versatile and capable of handling a wider range of applications, from rough sanding to fine finishing. Both tools have their place in a well-equipped workshop, and selecting the right model from reputable brands like DeWalt, Makita, Bosch, and Festool ensures quality and reliability for your sanding needs.

By understanding the differences in power, performance, dust collection, handling, and applications, you can make an informed decision that will enhance the efficiency and quality of your woodworking or DIY projects.