how to use an impact wrench to change tires?

How to Use an Impact Wrench to Change Tires

Changing tires with an impact wrench is a quick and efficient way to remove and replace tires. This tool significantly reduces the effort and time needed compared to manual tire changing with a regular wrench. Impact wrenches are widely used by professional mechanics and DIYers because they deliver high torque, allowing for easy removal and tightening of lug nuts. Below is a detailed guide on how to use an impact wrench to change tires, including the important factors to consider and some popular brands and models of impact wrenches.

Step 1: Safety Preparations

Before using any power tool, safety should be your top priority. Here are the basic safety steps to follow:

1. Wear Protective Gear: Always wear gloves to protect your hands from sharp objects, and eye protection to prevent debris from flying into your eyes.
2. Vehicle Stability: Ensure the car is parked on a flat surface, and engage the parking brake to prevent it from moving during the tire change.
3. Lift the Vehicle: Use a hydraulic jack or a car lift to raise the car off the ground. Ensure the jack is placed on the correct lifting point as specified by the vehicle’s manual. Never work under a vehicle supported only by a jack; always use jack stands for additional safety.

Step 2: Loosen the Lug Nuts Before Lifting the Car

It’s important to loosen the lug nuts before lifting the car. This will prevent the car from shifting once it’s elevated.

1. Set the Impact Wrench to Low Torque: If you have an adjustable torque setting on your impact wrench, set it to a lower torque to ensure you don’t remove the lug nuts too forcefully. The low torque setting will give you better control when loosening the nuts.
2. Use the Impact Wrench in Reverse Mode: Set the wrench to reverse to loosen the nuts. Start by applying the wrench to each lug nut and let the wrench do the work. Don’t over-tighten the wrench – a simple press on the trigger will be enough to break the lug nuts loose.
3. Loosen Each Lug Nut Gradually: Apply the wrench to each nut, one by one. Rotate the wrench clockwise for tightening and counterclockwise for loosening. Be sure to loosen the lug nuts in a crisscross pattern to avoid uneven pressure on the tire.

Step 3: Lift the Car

After loosening the lug nuts, it’s time to lift the car.

1. Lift the Car with a Jack: Use a hydraulic or floor jack to lift the car, making sure it’s securely supported. Once the car is lifted high enough, place jack stands beneath the car for added safety.
2. Check for Stability: Before proceeding, double-check that the car is stable and won’t shift when you start working on it.

Step 4: Remove the Lug Nuts and Tire

Once the car is lifted, you can proceed with removing the tire.

1. Use the Impact Wrench to Remove Lug Nuts: Set your impact wrench to reverse, and remove each lug nut. Hold the wrench firmly as it applies force to remove the nuts. Be mindful that some nuts may require a little more force, especially if they are rusted or overtightened.
2. Remove the Tire: After the nuts are removed, gently pull the tire off the vehicle. You may need to wiggle the tire slightly if it’s stuck, especially if it’s been on the car for a long time.

Step 5: Install the New Tire

After removing the old tire, it’s time to install the new one.

1. Align the New Tire: Position the new tire onto the wheel hub, aligning the holes of the wheel with the wheel studs. It’s important to make sure the tire is properly aligned before proceeding.
2. Hand-Tighten the Lug Nuts: Initially, thread the lug nuts onto the wheel studs by hand to prevent cross-threading. Make sure they are hand-tight before using the impact wrench.
3. Tighten the Lug Nuts with the Impact Wrench: Set the impact wrench to a low torque setting and begin tightening the lug nuts in a crisscross pattern. This ensures even pressure distribution and prevents the wheel from becoming misaligned. Gradually increase the torque as needed to securely fasten the lug nuts.

Step 6: Lower the Vehicle and Final Tightening

Once the tire is mounted, it’s time to lower the vehicle and perform the final tightening.

1. Lower the Car: Carefully lower the car by releasing the jack. Remove the jack stands once the car is securely back on the ground.
2. Tighten the Lug Nuts: Use a torque wrench to tighten the lug nuts to the manufacturer’s specified torque setting. This is essential to ensure that the lug nuts are tightened evenly and safely.

Step 7: Inspect the Work

After changing the tire, inspect the work carefully to ensure everything is secure. Make sure the lug nuts are properly tightened and the tire is mounted correctly.

Common Brands and Models of Impact Wrenches

When choosing an impact wrench for tire changing, it’s important to consider the torque rating, battery life (for cordless models), and build quality. Here are some of the most popular brands and models of impact wrenches for tire changing:

1. DEWALT Impact Wrench

DEWALT is a trusted brand known for producing powerful and durable impact wrenches. The DEWALT DCF899B is a highly recommended cordless impact wrench that provides up to 700 ft-lbs of breakaway torque. Its brushless motor ensures longer battery life and less maintenance.

• DEWALT DCF899B (Cordless)
  • Torque: 700 ft-lbs breakaway torque
  • Features: Brushless motor, 3-speed settings
  • Battery: 20V Max Lithium-ion

2. Milwaukee Impact Wrench

Milwaukee is another well-known brand in the power tool industry. Their impact wrenches are known for their reliability and high torque. The Milwaukee 2767-20 is a popular model for tire changing due to its strong torque and compact design.

• Milwaukee 2767-20 (Cordless)
  • Torque: 1,000 ft-lbs fastening torque, 1,400 ft-lbs breakaway torque
  • Features: Brushless motor, compact size, REDLINK Plus Intelligence
  • Battery: 18V Lithium-ion

3. Bosch Impact Wrench

Bosch tools are known for their precision and durability. The Bosch IWH181-01 is a powerful 18V impact wrench that offers great performance for tire changing.

• Bosch IWH181-01 (Cordless)
  • Torque: 1,600 in-lbs (133 ft-lbs)
  • Features: Compact design, lightweight, LED light
  • Battery: 18V Lithium-ion

4. Makita Impact Wrench

Makita is famous for producing high-quality tools, and their impact wrenches are no exception. The Makita XWT08Z is a robust tool with high torque and a comfortable design.

• Makita XWT08Z (Cordless)
  • Torque: 740 ft-lbs breakaway torque
  • Features: Brushless motor, variable speed
  • Battery: 18V LXT Lithium-ion

5. Ingersoll Rand Impact Wrench

Ingersoll Rand impact wrenches are widely used in automotive repair. The Ingersoll Rand 231C is a popular pneumatic impact wrench for those who need a high-torque tool for tire changing.

• Ingersoll Rand 231C (Pneumatic)
  • Torque: 600 ft-lbs maximum torque
  • Features: Lightweight, durable, high-performance
  • Air Supply: 90 PSI

6. Craftsman Impact Wrench

Craftsman impact wrenches are budget-friendly while still offering solid performance. The Craftsman CMMT14100 is a great choice for DIYers who need a reliable tool at an affordable price.

• Craftsman CMMT14100 (Cordless)
  • Torque: 450 ft-lbs maximum torque
  • Features: Compact, lightweight, easy to use
  • Battery: 20V Lithium-ion

7. Ryobi Impact Wrench

Ryobi offers a range of affordable, high-performing tools for home and auto use. The Ryobi P261 is a popular choice for DIY tire changes.

• Ryobi P261 (Cordless)
  • Torque: 300 ft-lbs maximum torque
  • Features: Comfortable grip, variable speed
  • Battery: 18V ONE+ Lithium-ion

Additional Tips for Using an Impact Wrench for Tire Changes

While the basic steps for using an impact wrench to change tires are covered above, there are a few more important considerations that can help ensure you achieve the best results and avoid damaging your equipment or vehicle.

1. Proper Torque Settings

The torque setting on your impact wrench is crucial for ensuring the lug nuts are tightened correctly. Over-tightening can damage the threads on the wheel studs, while under-tightening can result in the lug nuts becoming loose while driving.

Most manufacturers provide specific torque specifications in the vehicle’s owner’s manual, and it is essential to follow these recommendations closely. Using a torque wrench to double-check the final tightness of the lug nuts after using the impact wrench will ensure the correct torque. A torque wrench allows for precise torque control, which is crucial for safety.

If you’re using an impact wrench with an adjustable torque setting, ensure the setting is on a lower range when initially tightening the lug nuts to avoid over-tightening. Once you lower the vehicle, you can finish tightening the lug nuts with the torque wrench.

2. Avoid Using the Impact Wrench to Tighten Lug Nuts Completely

It’s important not to rely on the impact wrench to completely tighten the lug nuts to their final torque setting. While an impact wrench is great for breaking lug nuts loose and initially tightening them, the final tightening should always be done manually with a torque wrench. This step ensures the proper tension and avoids over-tightening, which could lead to damaged threads or a wheel that is improperly secured.

3. Check for Rust or Corrosion

Before using an impact wrench, check the condition of the lug nuts and wheel studs. If the nuts are rusted or corroded, they may not come off easily and could cause damage to your tool. You may need to apply a rust remover or lubricant like WD-40 or a specialized penetrating oil to the lug nuts before attempting to remove them.

Also, inspect the wheel studs for any signs of wear, corrosion, or damage. If the studs appear worn out, it is a good idea to replace them before mounting the new tire. Rust or corrosion can affect the ability to properly tighten the lug nuts and could make tire changes more difficult in the future.

4. Battery Care for Cordless Impact Wrenches

If you are using a cordless impact wrench, it’s important to care for the battery. Battery-operated tools are incredibly convenient, but their performance can suffer if the battery isn’t properly maintained. Always ensure your battery is fully charged before starting a tire change, as an undercharged battery may not provide enough power to remove or tighten lug nuts effectively.

For long-lasting battery life, avoid leaving the battery in the charger for extended periods and store the tool in a cool, dry place. If you use the wrench frequently, it’s wise to invest in a spare battery so you’re never caught off guard by a dead one during a tire change.

5. Keep the Impact Wrench Clean and Maintained

Like any power tool, regular maintenance is important to keep the impact wrench in good working condition. For pneumatic impact wrenches, regular lubrication is essential to keep internal components functioning smoothly. For cordless impact wrenches, clean the tool regularly, especially the air vents, to prevent dirt and debris from building up and causing overheating or damage.

Make sure that the chuck (where the sockets attach) is clean and free from debris. Periodically check for wear and tear, and if you notice any performance issues, such as reduced torque or unusual sounds, have the tool serviced by a professional.

6. Use the Right Socket Size

Using the wrong size socket can cause the socket to slip, which can damage both the lug nuts and the tool. Make sure you use the correct socket size for your vehicle’s lug nuts. It’s generally recommended to use impact sockets, as these are specifically designed for high-torque applications and are made of tougher materials than standard sockets. Always check the fit of the socket before applying force, as an incorrect fit can lead to accidents or damage.

7. Follow the Recommended Sequence for Tightening Lug Nuts

When tightening lug nuts, it’s crucial to follow a crisscross pattern, also known as the star pattern. This ensures that the lug nuts are evenly distributed and prevents warping of the wheel or brake rotor. Start by tightening one lug nut, then move to the opposite one across the wheel. Continue this pattern until all the lug nuts are tightened, and then follow up with the final torque check using a torque wrench.

8. Dealing with Stubborn Lug Nuts

Sometimes, the lug nuts may be particularly stubborn due to rust or over-tightening. In such cases, it’s important to be patient. You can try the following techniques to break loose a stubborn nut:

• Apply Penetrating Oil: Use a penetrating oil (like WD-40 or Liquid Wrench) and let it sit for about 10-15 minutes. This will help loosen rust or corrosion that might be causing the nut to stick.
• Tap the Wrench Gently: If the lug nut is stubborn, tap the impact wrench or the socket gently with a hammer while the wrench is in reverse mode. This can help break the bond of the rust or corrosion.
• Use a Higher Torque Setting: If your wrench has an adjustable torque setting, gradually increase the setting to a higher value. However, avoid over-torquing the nut, as this can damage the wheel studs.

9. Considerations for Pneumatic vs. Cordless Impact Wrenches

• Pneumatic Impact Wrenches: These tools require an air compressor to operate and are typically more powerful than their cordless counterparts. Pneumatic impact wrenches are ideal for professional mechanics who need high-performance tools for heavy-duty use. They are often the go-to option in workshops where compressed air is readily available. Popular models in this category include the Ingersoll Rand 231C and the Aircat 1150.
• Cordless Impact Wrenches: These tools run on rechargeable batteries and are perfect for DIYers and mobile tire changing tasks. They are convenient and portable, making them ideal for use at home or in a roadside emergency. Some of the best cordless models include the DEWALT DCF899B and the Milwaukee 2767-20.

10. Choosing the Right Impact Wrench for Tire Changing

Choosing the best impact wrench for tire changing depends on several factors:

• Torque Requirements: Make sure the wrench provides sufficient torque for your vehicle’s lug nuts. For most cars and light trucks, a wrench with a torque rating of around 300-600 ft-lbs is sufficient. Larger vehicles, such as SUVs or trucks, may require a higher torque output.
• Power Source: Decide whether you prefer a cordless (battery-operated) or pneumatic (air-powered) model. Cordless wrenches offer mobility and convenience, while pneumatic models generally provide more raw power.
• Weight and Comfort: Consider the weight and ergonomics of the impact wrench. If you’re going to be using the tool frequently, it’s essential to choose one that feels comfortable in your hands and isn’t too heavy.

Popular Impact Wrench Models for Tire Changing

Here are some additional popular models for tire changing:

• DEWALT DCF899B (Cordless, 20V): Offers up to 700 ft-lbs of breakaway torque, ideal for heavy-duty jobs.
• Milwaukee 2767-20 (Cordless, 18V): Known for its 1,400 ft-lbs of breakaway torque, providing excellent power.
• Makita XWT08Z (Cordless, 18V): A reliable and durable option with 740 ft-lbs of breakaway torque.
• Ingersoll Rand 231C (Pneumatic): One of the most popular pneumatic models with 600 ft-lbs of maximum torque.
• Ryobi P261 (Cordless, 18V): A great option for DIYers, offering 300 ft-lbs of torque.

Final Thoughts

Using an impact wrench to change tires is an efficient and time-saving technique for both professionals and DIYers. The correct usage of an impact wrench can make the tire-changing process much easier, saving you time and physical effort. By following the correct procedures for loosening, tightening, and re-checking lug nuts, you can ensure that your tires are safely and securely mounted.

When selecting an impact wrench, consider factors such as power, portability, and your specific needs. There is a wide variety of models available, from high-torque pneumatic tools to cordless models for greater convenience. Regardless of the tool you choose, always prioritize safety, correct technique, and proper maintenance to get the best results.